10/22/2021 - Heart O' Texas Speedway
10/22/2021 - Heart O' Texas Speedway

10/22/2021
Heart O' Texas Speedway

Media Results

Results formatted for use in newspapers, magazines, and online publications.

44 entries

VERS Dwarf Car Nationals


Qualifier 1 (20 Laps): 1. 56-David Kulhanek[1]; 2. 94-Jason Lowe[4]; 3. 46-Ed Griggs[3]; 4. 1K-Kaegen Moore[11]; 5. 51-Richard Brooker[8]; 6. 151-Bert Booth[7]; 7. 31S-Yuri Tulchin[14]; 8. 19-Landon Bellows[13]; 9. 5T-James Tanner[12]; 10. 73X-Wyatt Richeson[6]; 11. 4-Randy Yates[21]; 12. 40DD-Jerry Burford[18]; 13. 2A-Allen Brown[17]; 14. 54-Brandon Cloud[19]; 15. 5-Bert Rojas[2]; 16. 4R-Ricky Randall[16]; 17. 146-Joe Fisher[9]; 18. 13A-Nathan Lowe[15]; 19. 48-Mikey Land[5]; 20. 333-Mike Oakley[10]; 21. 11T-Skip Traylor[20]; 22. 62-David Farris[22]

Qualifier 2 (20 Laps): 1. 626-Jason Reavis[5]; 2. 15-Troop Miller[9]; 3. 24X-Mark Pollock[7]; 4. 28-Roger Peel[2]; 5. 12-Robert Smith[4]; 6. 33C-Doug Darling[10]; 7. 25-Chase McAfee[6]; 8. 14-Mark Williams[14]; 9. 81-Carl Davis[13]; 10. 2K-Dillon Payne[17]; 11. 81X-Ricardo Leon[3]; 12. 91-Daniel Newton[18]; 13. 10-Rod Gardner[19]; 14. 23B-Ayden Breese[12]; 15. 28W-Kenny Johnson[8]; 16. 42-Matt Trio[16]; 17. 121-Brian Falkenburg[21]; 18. 27P-David Garland[1]; 19. 19R-Ashlynn Newton[20]; 20. 39S-Gaylon SIngleton[15]; 21. (DNS) 35-John DeGeorge; 22. (DQ) 8T-Tatum Bell[11]

Heat 1 (8 Laps): 1. 56-David Kulhanek[4]; 2. 81X-Ricardo Leon[1]; 3. 73X-Wyatt Richeson[6]; 4. 28W-Kenny Johnson[7]; 5. 1K-Kaegen Moore[3]; 6. 81-Carl Davis[8]; 7. 4R-Ricky Randall[2]; 8. 91-Daniel Newton[5]; 9. 4-Randy Yates[9]

Heat 2 (8 Laps): 1. 27P-David Garland[5]; 2. 94-Jason Lowe[4]; 3. 25-Chase McAfee[3]; 4. 146-Joe Fisher[1]; 5. 8T-Tatum Bell[6]; 6. 31S-Yuri Tulchin[2]; 7. 42-Matt Trio[7]; 8. 54-Brandon Cloud[9]; 9. 121-Brian Falkenburg[8]

Heat 3 (8 Laps): 1. 5-Bert Rojas[2]; 2. 12-Robert Smith[1]; 3. 151-Bert Booth[3]; 4. 15-Troop Miller[5]; 5. 5T-James Tanner[8]; 6. 14-Mark Williams[9]; 7. 2A-Allen Brown[7]; 8. 10-Rod Gardner[4]; 9. 62-David Farris[6]

Heat 4 (8 Laps): 1. 28-Roger Peel[7]; 2. 48-Mikey Land[3]; 3. 24X-Mark Pollock[2]; 4. 333-Mike Oakley[6]; 5. 23B-Ayden Breese[5]; 6. 13A-Nathan Lowe[8]; 7. 2K-Dillon Payne[4]; 8. (DNS) 11T-Skip Traylor; 9. (DNS) 35-John DeGeorge

Heat 5 (8 Laps): 1. 46-Ed Griggs[6]; 2. 626-Jason Reavis[4]; 3. 51-Richard Brooker[2]; 4. 33C-Doug Darling[5]; 5. 19-Landon Bellows[8]; 6. 39S-Gaylon SIngleton[3]; 7. 40DD-Jerry Burford[7]; 8. 19R-Ashlynn Newton[1]

38 entries

PRO Dwarf Car Nationals


Qualifier 1 (20 Laps): 1. 17-Chance Hull[2]; 2. 81-Dillon Spreen[5]; 3. 48-Joseph Penney[4]; 4. 41T-Dustin Rude[18]; 5. 08-Chris Trimino[13]; 6. 12-John Foster[17]; 7. 12C-Krystal Breese[7]; 8. 63D-Dalton Hatten[1]; 9. 117-Billy White[12]; 10. 42P-Blake Patterson[11]; 11. 82TX-Brandon Hannah[15]; 12. 27P-Jeff Patterson[8]; 13. 12T-Dillon Coyne[3]; 14. 15-Ty Paxson[14]; 15. 19-Jason Bellows[10]; 16. 29-Brent Mayfield[9]; 17. 23H-Brandon Hicks[16]; 18. 62-Nick Maitland[19]; 19. (DNS) 81X-Dusty Jager

Qualifier 2 (20 Laps): 1. 121-Michael Dabney[2]; 2. 2C-Devin Breese[3]; 3. 20-Ryan Stoy[5]; 4. 46-Dawson Fisher[1]; 5. 31S-Danny Rodgers[12]; 6. 717-Jeffrey Abbey[9]; 7. 25-Dylan Budnik[7]; 8. 22C-Cauy Moore[10]; 9. 03-Drew Stark[8]; 10. 117T-Brayden Becker[11]; 11. 88-Brandon Spreen[6]; 12. 146-Aaron Stephens[18]; 13. 70-James Cain[15]; 14. 1-Dallas Patterson[13]; 15. $7-Eric Anker[17]; 16. 55-John Levitt[16]; 17. 44M-Keith White[4]; 18. 24-Colby Urbanovsky[14]; 19. (DNS) 11T-Paul White

Heat 1 (8 Laps): 1. 63D-Dalton Hatten[2]; 2. 12T-Dillon Coyne[1]; 3. 81-Dillon Spreen[9]; 4. 12C-Krystal Breese[5]; 5. 29-Brent Mayfield[6]; 6. 42P-Blake Patterson[3]; 7. 08-Chris Trimino[8]; 8. 82TX-Brandon Hannah[10]; 9. 12-John Foster[4]; 10. 62-Nick Maitland[7]

Heat 2 (8 Laps): 1. 46-Dawson Fisher[2]; 2. 2C-Devin Breese[8]; 3. 20-Ryan Stoy[5]; 4. 25-Dylan Budnik[3]; 5. 717-Jeffrey Abbey[9]; 6. 117T-Brayden Becker[7]; 7. 1-Dallas Patterson[1]; 8. 70-James Cain[6]; 9. $7-Eric Anker[10]; 10. 146-Aaron Stephens[4]

Heat 3 (8 Laps): 1. 17-Chance Hull[9]; 2. 48-Joseph Penney[1]; 3. 81X-Dusty Jager[2]; 4. 27P-Jeff Patterson[3]; 5. 19-Jason Bellows[6]; 6. 117-Billy White[7]; 7. 15-Ty Paxson[5]; 8. 23H-Brandon Hicks[8]; 9. 41T-Dustin Rude[4]

Heat 4 (8 Laps): 1. 121-Michael Dabney[5]; 2. 44M-Keith White[4]; 3. 88-Brandon Spreen[9]; 4. 03-Drew Stark[6]; 5. 22C-Cauy Moore[2]; 6. 31S-Danny Rodgers[7]; 7. 24-Colby Urbanovsky[1]; 8. 55-John Levitt[8]; 9. (DNS) 11T-Paul White

27 entries

IMCA Southern SportMod


Qualifier 1 (15 Laps): 1. P1-Paul White[3]; 2. 153-Robert Scrivner[1]; 3. 21D-Dustin Mooney[4]; 4. 7MK-Kyle Wilkins[12]; 5. 21T-Taylor Florio[2]; 6. 188-Calen Mohler[8]; 7. 777-James Hanusch[14]; 8. 95-Mason Day[7]; 9. 28J-Justin Nabors[6]; 10. 121-Michael Scott[10]; 11. 97-Jonathan Beard[9]; 12. 54T-Matthew Day[5]; 13. 17-Jeff Shepperd[13]; 14. 43G-Gene Burnett[11]

Qualifier 2 (15 Laps): 1. 99-Kaden Honeycutt[1]; 2. 12-Brandon Geurin[2]; 3. 3C-Jeffrey Abbey[5]; 4. 54-Dan Day[6]; 5. 66-Johnny Torres[7]; 6. 54H-Sean Hill[9]; 7. 5X-Michael Dabney[4]; 8. 87-David Montgomery[10]; 9. 35-Kaleb Emerson[8]; 10. 23-Joel Garcia[13]; 11. 00K-Oliver Billingsley[11]; 12. 28-Jerrett Bransom[3]; 13. 48-Reagan Martin[12]

Heat 1 (8 Laps): 1. 153-Robert Scrivner[2]; 2. 12-Brandon Geurin[1]; 3. 21D-Dustin Mooney[4]; 4. 3C-Jeffrey Abbey[8]; 5. 95-Mason Day[7]; 6. 35-Kaleb Emerson[3]; 7. 121-Michael Scott[6]; 8. 00K-Oliver Billingsley[5]; 9. (DNS) 17-Jeff Shepperd

Heat 2 (8 Laps): 1. 99-Kaden Honeycutt[1]; 2. P1-Paul White[4]; 3. 5X-Michael Dabney[9]; 4. 28J-Justin Nabors[2]; 5. 66-Johnny Torres[5]; 6. 97-Jonathan Beard[6]; 7. 87-David Montgomery[7]; 8. 7MK-Kyle Wilkins[3]; 9. 23-Joel Garcia[8]

Heat 3 (8 Laps): 1. 21T-Taylor Florio[1]; 2. 28-Jerrett Bransom[3]; 3. 54T-Matthew Day[6]; 4. 54-Dan Day[7]; 5. 188-Calen Mohler[9]; 6. 54H-Sean Hill[4]; 7. 43G-Gene Burnett[5]; 8. 48-Reagan Martin[2]; 9. 777-James Hanusch[8]

43 entries

IMCA Stock Car


Qualifier 1 (20 Laps): 1. 12-Westin Abbey[9]; 2. 5H-Lance Hanson Jr[5]; 3. 4725-Benji Kirkpatrick[7]; 4. 09C-Demetrius Carter[3]; 5. B21-Bryce Pritchett[11]; 6. 9-Jason Batt[8]; 7. 21-Chris Florio[17]; 8. V18-PJ Egbert[19]; 9. 114-Thomas Hall Jr[21]; 10. 1G-Bosco Garrett[1]; 11. 97-Doug Lorenz[4]; 12. 94A-Allison Jamison[2]; 13. 0-Tim Carman[20]; 14. 21E-Allan Essenburg[6]; 15. 17-John Frydrych[10]; 16. 15-Roger Stripland[12]; 17. 74-Jeff Bauser[13]; 18. XXX-Cody Baker[15]; 19. 165-Erik Miles[14]; 20. 952-Ronnie Bell Sr[18]; 21. 29-Matt Riskey[22]; 22. 101-Josh Pepper[16]

Qualifier 2 (20 Laps): 1. 116-Damon Hammond[2]; 2. 07D-Dennis Bissonnette[1]; 3. M5-Dustin Mooney[9]; 4. 2R-Michael Riskey[4]; 5. 95-Ronnie Bell Jr[12]; 6. 27-Micheal Wofford[8]; 7. 88-Blake Clark[20]; 8. 489-Anthony Otken[17]; 9. 77A-Aaron Benedict[11]; 10. 13-John Michael Winters[14]; 11. 14-Joe O'Bryan[6]; 12. 911-Josh McGaha[5]; 13. 75-Wesley Warren[16]; 14. 54-Jeff Martinez[3]; 15. 1W-Justin Walter[18]; 16. 63-Andy Roller[13]; 17. 69-Zach Terry[19]; 18. 3X-Travis Norman[15]; 19. 20T-Thomas Hall[7]; 20. 76A-Aaron Westmoreland[21]; 21. (DQ) 81-Garrett Higgins[10]

Heat 1 (8 Laps): 1. 1G-Bosco Garrett[2]; 2. 54-Jeff Martinez[3]; 3. 21E-Allan Essenburg[1]; 4. 27-Micheal Wofford[4]; 5. B21-Bryce Pritchett[6]; 6. 63-Andy Roller[9]; 7. 101-Josh Pepper[8]; 8. 1W-Justin Walter[5]; 9. 114-Thomas Hall Jr[7]

Heat 2 (8 Laps): 1. 07D-Dennis Bissonnette[3]; 2. 97-Doug Lorenz[5]; 3. 14-Joe O'Bryan[6]; 4. 12-Westin Abbey[8]; 5. 77A-Aaron Benedict[7]; 6. 165-Erik Miles[2]; 7. 75-Wesley Warren[9]; 8. V18-PJ Egbert[4]; 9. 88-Blake Clark[1]

Heat 3 (8 Laps): 1. 94A-Allison Jamison[2]; 2. 2R-Michael Riskey[3]; 3. 4725-Benji Kirkpatrick[4]; 4. M5-Dustin Mooney[8]; 5. 15-Roger Stripland[7]; 6. 13-John Michael Winters[9]; 7. 21-Chris Florio[6]; 8. 69-Zach Terry[5]; 9. 29-Matt Riskey[1]

Heat 4 (8 Laps): 1. 116-Damon Hammond[3]; 2. 5H-Lance Hanson Jr[8]; 3. 20T-Thomas Hall[4]; 4. 17-John Frydrych[2]; 5. 95-Ronnie Bell Jr[6]; 6. XXX-Cody Baker[5]; 7. 489-Anthony Otken[7]; 8. 0-Tim Carman[1]

Heat 5 (8 Laps): 1. 09C-Demetrius Carter[1]; 2. 911-Josh McGaha[5]; 3. 9-Jason Batt[4]; 4. 81-Garrett Higgins[6]; 5. 74-Jeff Bauser[3]; 6. 3X-Travis Norman[8]; 7. 952-Ronnie Bell Sr[2]; 8. (DNS) 76A-Aaron Westmoreland

47 entries

Factory Stock


Qualifier 1 (20 Laps): 1. 1H-Kaden Honeycutt[8]; 2. 28-Collin Hodges[5]; 3. 47-Shannon Dulock[1]; 4. 8T-Scotty Rawlinson[15]; 5. 504X-Jason Cook[11]; 6. 51-Ruben Broussard[7]; 7. 8*-Tim Homeyer[21]; 8. 15M-Chris Florio[24]; 9. 55R-Don Painter[6]; 10. 56K-Eric Tomlinson[3]; 11. 69X-Cody Miles[12]; 12. 12X-Daniel Ralston[20]; 13. 66-Rickey Shephard[16]; 14. 8-Justin VanMatre[13]; 15. 21H-Clint Howard[17]; 16. 0-Brian Johnson[19]; 17. 77D-Michael Dodd[18]; 18. 494-Dillon Kidwell[9]; 19. 37-James Schoenrock[4]; 20. 151-Tommy Williams[2]; 21. 25C-Jeremy Carter[10]; 22. 24-Brady Ricks[14]; 23. (DNS) 26-Grant Wollam; 24. (DNS) 05M-Billy Meazell

Qualifier 2 (20 Laps): 1. 4-Ryan Hopkins[4]; 2. 21E-Jason Batt[2]; 3. 04-Cameron Cook[1]; 4. 05-Randy Buttery[22]; 5. 110-Nate Dixon[17]; 6. 25-Michael Guenat[5]; 7. 7-Ricky Sessions[3]; 8. 27T-Curtis Twardeski[6]; 9. 25H-Greg Hammitt[21]; 10. 19-Billy Vest[8]; 11. 10-James Hoffman Jr[12]; 12. 62-Jacob Pruett[15]; 13. 13-Jeff Hammitt[10]; 14. 20-Andie Vickrey[20]; 15. 17M-Christopher Mercer[18]; 16. 01-Jon Grobe[16]; 17. 48-Mike Land[9]; 18. 91-Gage Fuller[14]; 19. 46-Ty Marecle[11]; 20. 45-William Dean[23]; 21. 21-Brian Holland[7]; 22. 704-Kyle Wilkins[13]; 23. (DNS) 33D-Dylan Moss

Heat 1 (8 Laps): 1. 47-Shannon Dulock[3]; 2. 7-Ricky Sessions[2]; 3. 55R-Don Painter[6]; 4. 19-Billy Vest[1]; 5. 504X-Jason Cook[9]; 6. 704-Kyle Wilkins[7]; 7. 66-Rickey Shephard[8]; 8. 17M-Christopher Mercer[5]; 9. 8*-Tim Homeyer[4]

Heat 2 (8 Laps): 1. 04-Cameron Cook[4]; 2. 37-James Schoenrock[8]; 3. 27T-Curtis Twardeski[6]; 4. 494-Dillon Kidwell[1]; 5. 46-Ty Marecle[2]; 6. 24-Brady Ricks[7]; 7. 01-Jon Grobe[9]; 8. 0-Brian Johnson[10]; 9. 25H-Greg Hammitt[3]; 10. 45-William Dean[5]; 11. 15M-Chris Florio[11]

Heat 3 (8 Laps): 1. 151-Tommy Williams[1]; 2. 4-Ryan Hopkins[3]; 3. 51-Ruben Broussard[6]; 4. 48-Mike Land[4]; 5. 69X-Cody Miles[5]; 6. 91-Gage Fuller[7]; 7. 21H-Clint Howard[2]; 8. 33D-Dylan Moss[9]; 9. 26-Grant Wollam[8]

Heat 4 (8 Laps): 1. 21E-Jason Batt[2]; 2. 28-Collin Hodges[6]; 3. 21-Brian Holland[3]; 4. 25C-Jeremy Carter[5]; 5. 10-James Hoffman Jr[1]; 6. 8T-Scotty Rawlinson[8]; 7. 110-Nate Dixon[9]; 8. 12X-Daniel Ralston[4]; 9. 05-Randy Buttery[7]

Heat 5 (8 Laps): 1. 56K-Eric Tomlinson[2]; 2. 25-Michael Guenat[1]; 3. 1H-Kaden Honeycutt[6]; 4. 13-Jeff Hammitt[5]; 5. 8-Justin VanMatre[7]; 6. 62-Jacob Pruett[9]; 7. 77D-Michael Dodd[3]; 8. 20-Andie Vickrey[4]; 9. 05M-Billy Meazell[8]

30 entries

Outlaw Street Stocks


Qualifier 1 (20 Laps): 1. 716-Chase Allen[1]; 2. 715-Chase Doughty[3]; 3. 13G-David Goode Sr[4]; 4. 9G-Drew Garcia[5]; 5. 13-Jerry Frydrych[2]; 6. 42-Mark Geurin[6]; 7. 32-Joe Williams[7]; 8. 45-Chris Cockrell[8]; 9. 2-Joe Garcia[12]; 10. 1-Danny Sykora[11]; 11. 09-Gerald Johnson[13]; 12. 48-Mike Land[9]; 13. 84-Robert Shepherd[15]; 14. 714-Charles Melveney[10]; 15. (DNS) 6M-Mark Gallagher

Qualifier 2 (20 Laps): 1. 1B-Brandon Hood[1]; 2. 18K-Tommy Honey[2]; 3. 71-Tommy Kirkpatrick[5]; 4. 68-Wade White[4]; 5. 44-Austin Carter[14]; 6. 8A-Greg Andrews[9]; 7. 181-Kevin Smith[6]; 8. 25-Jeff Williams[8]; 9. 73-David Khoury[3]; 10. 3-MATT HODGES[15]; 11. C4-Cody Parrish[7]; 12. 10-Bryan Harcrow[13]; 13. 12R-Randy Weatherford[12]; 14. 76-Archie Whitt[10]; 15. X-Jeff Blackwood[11]

Heat 1 (8 Laps): 1. 716-Chase Allen[3]; 2. 715-Chase Doughty[2]; 3. 9G-Drew Garcia[7]; 4. 32-Joe Williams[6]; 5. 48-Mike Land[4]; 6. 1-Danny Sykora[8]; 7. 09-Gerald Johnson[5]; 8. 84-Robert Shepherd[1]

Heat 2 (8 Laps): 1. 1B-Brandon Hood[4]; 2. 73-David Khoury[2]; 3. 71-Tommy Kirkpatrick[7]; 4. C4-Cody Parrish[1]; 5. 8A-Greg Andrews[6]; 6. X-Jeff Blackwood[8]; 7. 10-Bryan Harcrow[3]; 8. 3-MATT HODGES[5]

Heat 3 (8 Laps): 1. 13-Jerry Frydrych[3]; 2. 13G-David Goode Sr[1]; 3. 42-Mark Geurin[4]; 4. 45-Chris Cockrell[7]; 5. 714-Charles Melveney[6]; 6. 2-Joe Garcia[5]; 7. (DNS) 6M-Mark Gallagher

Heat 4 (8 Laps): 1. 18K-Tommy Honey[1]; 2. 68-Wade White[3]; 3. 181-Kevin Smith[6]; 4. 25-Jeff Williams[7]; 5. 76-Archie Whitt[2]; 6. 12R-Randy Weatherford[5]; 7. 44-Austin Carter[4]

21 entries

IMCA Modified


Qualifier 1 (15 Laps): 1. 77-Garrett Gregory[1]; 2. 60-William Gould[5]; 3. 715-JP Dowell[3]; 4. 48R-Raymond McSpadden[8]; 5. 94-Chris Morris[4]; 6. 42-Beau Collins[7]; 7. 163-Hardy Henderson[2]; 8. 10-Levi Ely[9]; 9. 20T-Thomas Hall[11]; 10. 54LL-Clinton Hull[10]; 11. 27G-Dwayne Grantham[6]

Qualifier 2 (15 Laps): 1. 707-PJ Egbert[1]; 2. 7G-David Goode Jr[3]; 3. 5-Kevin Green[2]; 4. 45T-Eric Tomlinson[4]; 5. 17-Cody Tidwell[6]; 6. 58-Tyler Honeywell[9]; 7. 54-Matthew Day[10]; 8. 7-Steve Askew[5]; 9. 1MP-Mark Patterson[7]; 10. 118-Cameron Wilson[8]

Heat 1 (8 Laps): 1. 77-Garrett Gregory[1]; 2. 5-Kevin Green[4]; 3. 94-Chris Morris[6]; 4. 7-Steve Askew[5]; 5. 42-Beau Collins[2]; 6. 118-Cameron Wilson[7]; 7. 54LL-Clinton Hull[3]

Heat 2 (8 Laps): 1. 707-PJ Egbert[1]; 2. 715-JP Dowell[7]; 3. 45T-Eric Tomlinson[3]; 4. 27G-Dwayne Grantham[5]; 5. 1MP-Mark Patterson[4]; 6. 10-Levi Ely[2]; 7. 54-Matthew Day[6]

Heat 3 (8 Laps): 1. 163-Hardy Henderson[1]; 2. 7G-David Goode Jr[4]; 3. 60-William Gould[5]; 4. 17-Cody Tidwell[7]; 5. 48R-Raymond McSpadden[3]; 6. 58-Tyler Honeywell[6]; 7. 20T-Thomas Hall[2]

16 entries

DFW Local Crate Late Model Series


A Feature 1 (25 Laps): 1. 1S-Kevin Sitton[2]; 2. 25-Robbie Starnes[6]; 3. 26-Dean Abbey[7]; 4. 130-Chase Allen[5]; 5. 1K-Kevin Ramey[4]; 6. 47-Jeffrey Abbey[1]; 7. 55-Dustin Woods[8]; 8. 00J-Joe Sheddan[9]; 9. 118-Mike Fenton[10]; 10. 8-John Riechard[14]; 11. 7G-David Goode Jr[12]; 12. 1-Chase Raymond[15]; 13. 82-Dalton Spear[11]; 14. 40-Neil Manchester[13]; 15. 7-Rhett Starnes[3]; 16. 29-Jack Lewis[16]

Heat 1 (8 Laps): 1. 47-Jeffrey Abbey[2]; 2. 1S-Kevin Sitton[3]; 3. 7-Rhett Starnes[5]; 4. 130-Chase Allen[8]; 5. 00J-Joe Sheddan[7]; 6. 82-Dalton Spear[6]; 7. 40-Neil Manchester[4]; 8. 1-Chase Raymond[1]

Heat 2 (8 Laps): 1. 25-Robbie Starnes[2]; 2. 55-Dustin Woods[3]; 3. 1K-Kevin Ramey[4]; 4. 26-Dean Abbey[6]; 5. 118-Mike Fenton[5]; 6. 7G-David Goode Jr[1]; 7. 8-John Riechard[7]; 8. 29-Jack Lewis[8]